导读：有读者互动，提出经常使用的API开发处理。本文向各位说明Laravel 11的API处理。
步骤 1：安装 Laravel 11
打开终端并安装新的 Laravel 应用程序
composer create-project laravel/laravel sanctum-api
切换到项目文件夹
cd sanctum-api第 2 步：安装 Sanctum API
运行以下命令使用 API 安装 Sanctum
php artisan install:api步骤 3：Sanctum 配置
在 app/Models/User.php 中，我们添加了 Sanctum 的 HasApiTokens 类
namespace App\Models;// use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;class User extends Authenticatable{use HasFactory, Notifiable, HasApiTokens;/*** The attributes that are mass assignable.** @var array*/protected $fillable = ['name','email','password',];/*** The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.** @var array*/protected $hidden = ['password','remember_token',];/*** Get the attributes that should be cast.** @return array*/protected function casts(): array{return ['email_verified_at' => 'datetime','password' => 'hashed',];}}
步骤 4：添加博客迁移和模型
运行以下命令添加博客迁移和模型
php artisan make:model Blog -m之后，转到数据库/迁移，您将找到创建的迁移文件
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;return new class extends Migration{/*** Run the migrations.*/public function up(): void{Schema::create('blogs', function (Blueprint $table) {$table->id();$table->string('title');$table->longText('detail');$table->timestamps();});}/*** Reverse the migrations.*/public function down(): void{Schema::dropIfExists('blogs');}};
然后转到 app/Models/Blog.php
namespace App\Models;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;class Blog extends Model{use HasFactory;protected $fillable = ['title', 'detail'];}
步骤 5：创建 Eloquent API 资源
运行以下命令创建博客 API 资源
php artisan make:resource BlogResource然后转到 app/Http/Resources/BlogResource.php
namespace App\Http\Resources;use Illuminate\Http\Request;use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;class BlogResource extends JsonResource{// Transform the resource into an array.public function toArray(Request $request): array{return ['id' => $this->id,'title' => $this->title,'detail' => $this->detail,'created_at' => $this->created_at->format('d/m/Y'),'updated_at' => $this->updated_at->format('d/m/Y'),];}}
步骤 6：创建控制器文件
运行以下命令添加 BaseController & RegisterController & BlogController
php artisan make:controller API/BaseControllerphp artisan make:controller API/RegisterControllerphp artisan make:controller API/BlogController
然后转到 app/Http/Controllers/API/BaseController.php 并添加此代码
namespace App\Http\Controllers\API;use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;use Illuminate\Http\Request;class BaseController extends Controller{// success response methodpublic function sendResponse($result, $message){$response = ['success' => true,'data' => $result,'message' => $message,];return response()->json($response, 200);}// return error responsepublic function sendError($error, $errorMessages = [], $code = 404){$response = ['success' => false,'message' => $error,];if(!empty($errorMessages)){$response['data'] = $errorMessages;}return response()->json($response, $code);}}
现在转到 app/Http/Controllers/API/BaseController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\API;use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;use Illuminate\Http\Request;use App\Models\User;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;class RegisterController extends BaseController{// Register apipublic function register(Request $request): JsonResponse{$validator = Validator::make($request->all(), ['name' => 'required','email' => 'required|email','password' => 'required','c_password' => 'required|same:password',]);if($validator->fails()){return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors());}$input = $request->all();$input['password'] = bcrypt($input['password']);$user = User::create($input);$success['token'] = $user->createToken('MyApp')->plainTextToken;$success['name'] = $user->name;return $this->sendResponse($success, 'User register successfully.');}// Login apipublic function login(Request $request): JsonResponse{if(Auth::attempt(['email' => $request->email, 'password' => $request->password])){$user = Auth::user();$success['token'] = $user->createToken('MyApp')->plainTextToken;$success['name'] = $user->name;return $this->sendResponse($success, 'User login successfully.');}else{return $this->sendError('Unauthorised.', ['error'=>'Unauthorised']);}}}
最后，转到 app/Http/Controllers/API/BlogController.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\API;use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;use Illuminate\Http\Request;use App\Http\Controllers\API\BaseController;use App\Models\Blog;use App\Http\Resources\BlogResource;use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;class BlogController extends BaseController{// Display a listing of the resource.public function index(): JsonResponse{$blogs = Blog::all();return $this->sendResponse(BlogResource::collection($blogs), 'Blogs retrieved successfully.');}// Store a newly created resource in storage.public function store(Request $request): JsonResponse{$input = $request->all();$validator = Validator::make($input, ['title' => 'required','detail' => 'required']);if($validator->fails()){return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors());}$blog = Blog::create($input);return $this->sendResponse(new BlogResource($blog), 'Blog created successfully.');}// Display the specified resource.public function show($id): JsonResponse{$blog = Blog::find($id);if (is_null($blog)) {return $this->sendError('Blog not found.');}return $this->sendResponse(new BlogResource($blog), 'Blog retrieved successfully.');}// Update the specified resource in storage.public function update(Request $request, Blog $blog): JsonResponse{$input = $request->all();$validator = Validator::make($input, ['title' => 'required','detail' => 'required']);if($validator->fails()){return $this->sendError('Validation Error.', $validator->errors());}$blog->title = $input['title'];$blog->detail = $input['detail'];$blog->save();return $this->sendResponse(new BlogResource($blog), 'Blog updated successfully.');}// Remove the specified resource from storage.public function destroy(Blog $blog): JsonResponse{$blog->delete();return $this->sendResponse([], 'Blog deleted successfully.');}}
步骤 7：创建 API 路由
在此步骤中，我们将为登录、注册和博客创建 API 路由。
转到 routes/api.php
use Illuminate\Http\Request;use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;use App\Http\Controllers\API\RegisterController;use App\Http\Controllers\API\BlogController;Route::controller(RegisterController::class)->group(function(){Route::post('register', 'register')->name('register');Route::post('login', 'login')->name('login');});Route::middleware('auth:sanctum')->group( function () {Route::apiResource('blogs', BlogController::class);Route::get('user', function (Request $request) {return $request->user();})->name('user');});
步骤 8：运行 Laravel 应用程序
运行数据库迁移（迁移前在 .env 中设置数据库连接）
php artisan serve启动本地开发服务器
php artisan serve步骤 9：检查 API
现在，去你的 Postman 检查 api
确保在详细信息 API 中，我们将使用下面列出的以下标头
'headers' => ['Accept' => 'application/json','Authorization' => 'Bearer '.$accessToken,]
现在，您可以简单地运行上面列出的 URL，如下屏幕截图所示：
| Postman |
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希望对大家有所帮助！～